Logic operators

Grammatical tables for Latin

Declination

For nouns there are five cases:

Nominative: Subject of the sentence.
Genitive: Shows possession.
Dative: Indirect object.
Accusative: Direct object of the action.
Ablative: Object of certain prepositions or means.

Additionaly declination takes into account number of objects :

Singular,
Plural,

as well es their gender:

Masculine,
Feminine,
Neuter.

There are five basic groups of nouns, reffered to as declensions, in Latin. They are recognised by ending of their genitive singular:

Because of that in most dictionaries nouns will be given in following form

femina, -ae, F.

Where first element is nominative singular form, second is ending of the genitive singular and last one suggest gender (M/F/N). The reason for choice of genitive singular, instead of simply using nominative singular, for determining type of declension is that it is more realiable case for extracting word stem.

First declension (ae)

Most first declension nouns are feminine. While there are some masculine nouns, particularly those referring to male people such as poeta (poet), agricola (farmer), and nauta (sailor), they decline exactly like feminine ones. Because of that gender of noun can be ignored when writing a declination table.

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	a	ae
Genitive	ae	arum
Dative	ae	is
Accusative	am	as
Ablative	a	is

An example for a word "femina" which means woman:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	femina	feminae
Genitive	feminae	feminarum
Dative	feminae	feminis
Accusative	feminam	feminas
Ablative	femina	feminis

The stem in this case is "femin" and for first declension it usually easy to get it from nominative singular as well as from genitive singular. This is not true for other declensions.

Second declension (i)

	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Masculine	Neuter
Nominative	us	um	i	a
Genitive	i		orum
Dative	o		is
Accusative	um		os	a
Ablative	o		is

Example for word [magus, -i, M.] which means either a wizard or someone wise:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	magus	magi
Genitive	magi	magorum
Dative	mag	magis
Accusative	magum	magos
Ablative	mago	magis

Adjectives for first and second declension

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Nominative	us	um	a	i	a	ae
Genitive	i	i	ae	orum		arum
Dative	o	o	ae	is
Accusative	um		am	os	a	as
Ablative	o	o	a	is

An adjective must be of same gender, number and case as the noun that it modifies.
UNDER CONSTRUCTION